电力物联网技术标准体系研究

为指导国家电网有限公司电力物联网标准化工作,文章依据国家标准《企业标准体系表编制指南》(GB/T13017),充分梳理电力物联网标准化需求,采用综合标准化法,研究建立了电力物联网技术标准体系框架及重点标准化领域,梳理了已发布、编制中及亟需制定的各类型标准,形成统一、综合、开放的电力物联网技术标准体系。     

Stochastic evaluation of leakages through holes in wrinkle networks of composite liners

This paper presents a study on stochastic evaluation of leakages through holes in wrinkle networks of composite liners. The statistical parameters of wrinkles are used as indexes to describe the spatial distributions of wrinkles in a wrinkle network and the wrinkle density is modeled as a random field in the proposed approach, which allows the construction of a database about how wrinkles may be distributed in different conditions and provides input parameters for leakage evaluation at the design stage when the site has not been constructed yet and the aerial image of the wrinkle network (AWN) is unavailable. Statistical analyses were performed on wrinkle geometric parameters and wrinkle density of wrinkles from three sites reported in the literature. The procedures of generating random wrinkle networks (RWNs) based on the statistical parameters of wrinkles are introduced. The proposed approach was applied to typical examples and showed sufficient accuracy when compared to the evaluated leakages based on the corresponding AWNs. Wrinkle density is recommended to be modeled as random field.     

高性能三水醋酸钠-尿素-膨胀石墨混合相变材料的制备及其在电地暖中的应用性能

采用尿素调节三水醋酸钠的相变温度到合适范围再添加膨胀石墨来降低过冷度，研制了高性能的三水醋酸钠-尿素-膨胀石墨混合相变材料，并对其在电地暖中的应用性能进行了研究。结果表明，当尿素质量分数为36.5%、膨胀石墨添加量为4%(质量)时，所得混合相变材料的熔化焓高达209.1 J/g，熔点在31.98℃，过冷度仅为2.04℃，热导率为2.349 W/(m·K)，热可靠性良好；将用该混合相变材料制成的相变板安装在实验房的电地暖中时，实验房的热舒适度随着相变材料层厚度的增加而增加，但也带来加热时间和用电量的增加；当相变材料层厚度为10 mm时，电加热温度适宜设置在45℃；在热舒适度相当的条件下，有相变板的实验房与无相变板的参比房相比具有用电量小及电费低的优势。     

电磁场作用下球形磁极辅助研磨弯管内表面研究

弯管弯曲成形后,在弯折处易产生微裂纹、褶皱等表面质量缺陷问题。本文通过采用六自由度机械手拖动电磁场发生装置沿加工轨迹往复运动,电磁场发生装置驱动球形辅助磁极绕管件内壁转动,实现了对弯管内表面的光整加工。在此基础上,通过对弯管轮廓采集及曲线拟合,重新构建了弯管中心线并转换为新的研磨加工轨迹。采用超景深3D电子显微镜和触针式表面粗糙度测量仪对研磨试验前后弯管内表面的形貌和粗糙度进行了对比分析。结果表明,通过重新构建研磨加工轨迹,试验装置有效解决了研磨弯折处的干涉与研磨不均匀等问题。研磨55 min后,表面粗糙度由原始的0.713μm降低到0.194μm,铜合金弯管内表面原始质量缺陷基本去除,表面纹理较为致密均匀。该方法有效避免了未规划研磨轨迹时出现的犁耕等纹理缺陷,提高了弯管的服役可靠性。     

雷电通道水平电场影响因素分析

影响雷电通道产生的水平电场因素众多,分析其影响因素对电力系统的雷电防护具有重要意义。文中利用运动电荷电磁场方程求解得到闪电回击通道的水平电场和方位磁场,并结合C-R 算法,得到了有限电导率地面上方的水平电场。依据运动电荷电磁场方程的特征分析了不同回击速度、不同距离、不同电导率对雷击产生的水平电场的影响。得出以下结论:水平电场随回击速度增大而减小;水平电场波形呈双极性特征且水平距离越大或电导率越小负向偏移越明显。这些研究结论为输电线路雷电过电压计算打下良好的基础。与其他方法相比,本文方法可以避免远距离电磁场计算中的震荡问题和积分方程的奇异问题。     

An Improved Torque Sensorless Speed Control Method for Electric Assisted Bicycle With Consideration of Coordinate Conversion

In this paper, we propose an improved torque sensorless speed control method for electric assisted bicycle, this method considers the coordinate conversion. A low-pass filter is designed in disturbance observer to estimate and compensate the variable disturbance during cycling. A DC motor provides assisted power driving, the assistance method is based on the real-time wheel angular velocity and coordinate system transformation. The effect of observer is proved, and the proposed method guarantees stability under disturbances. It is also compared to the existing methods and their performances are illustrated through simulations. The proposed method improves the performance both in rapidity and stability.      

并联混合动力汽车能量管理与转矩协调控制策略

研究并联混合动力汽车的控制策略。基于发动机输出转矩最优的能量管理策略,对并联混合动力汽车在工作模式切换中的相互配合问题,提出发动机动态转矩控制+动力电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)干预+电机转矩补偿控制的转矩协调控制方法;在Matlab/Simulink/Stateflow平台搭建整车能量管理控制策略模型,控制发动机工作在高效率区,保证发动机输出最优转矩;根据电池的SOC干预电机的运行状态,协同发动机提供整车需求转矩。在Cruise平台下建立整车模型,以新欧洲驾驶周期作为循环工况进行离线仿真。结果表明,能量管理与转矩协调控制策略能够有效分配电机和发动机的转矩输出,满足混合动力汽车多模式切换的要求。     

A PV installation framework concerning electricity variable rates

This paper assesses building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) installation parameters based on the profit generated by a photovoltaic system. It takes into consideration a home building case study and it investigates its monthly energy demand based on a specific location and a typical occupancy. The capability of a photovoltaic (PV) system to generate more profit occurs when solar intensity is maximum while the electric energy price is at its highest rate. The paper traces a framework that encompasses different aspects such as energy demand, energy price, and solar intensity. This framework identifies profit alternatives according to different installation parameters. A tool that predicts a PV installation hourly electric energy production is developed. The profit generated is simulated for home buildings located in Beirut (Lebanon) and Xihua (China), both at 33.8° latitude north. The paper highlights a new approach for BIPV installations, taking into account weather conditions, energy demand, and electric energy utility rates.     

Broadband bowtie belt nanoantennas

In this article, we study a linear array of bowtie nanoantennas placed between two metallic strips that can work from 800 to 1420 nm (600 nm linewidth), with an electric field enhancement factor close to 20. We study the dynamical change of the position of the electric field enhancement amongst different elements in the array and, at the same time, the effects of dispersion on the scalability of the array elements. A systematic analysis and methodology to produce an array that can operate over a large bandwidth whilst maintaining the electric field enhancement without significant variation is provided.     

基于电锅炉的火电机组灵活性改造技术研究

为有效解决东北电力产能过剩,促进风电、核电等清洁能源消纳问题,提升燃煤供热机组的灵活性,针对东北地区某热电厂,通过对热电解耦时间、电锅炉型式以及不同电锅炉容量配置对机组实际发电负荷的影响等灵活性改造关键技术进行研究,确定了最佳电锅炉容量,提出了电锅炉装设方案,并对改造前后机组的调峰能力和性能指标进行对比分析。研究表明:随着电锅炉容量增长,抵减电锅炉用电后机组实际发电负荷率显著降低,提升火电机组灵活性改造后,电厂调峰能力显著提升,考虑以全厂172 MW发电负荷运行,电厂调峰能力在采暖初末期增加了368 MW,采暖中期增加了528 MW;全厂供热标煤耗由39.7 kg/GJ降低至34.3 kg/GJ,降低了5.4 kg/GJ;经济效益显著,扣除电锅炉用电成本后1个采暖季的调峰辅助服务补贴收益为1.47亿元;同时,电锅炉投运后可实现电厂的上网电量接近零,为清洁能源就地消纳做出贡献。